贸易协议与项目 终 16

Tariff Preference Programs

关税优惠计划

The United States extends unilateral tariff preferences to many lesser developed countries through the following programs:
美国通过以下计划向许多欠发达国家提供单边关税优惠：

• [GSP: Generalized System of Preferences (General Note 4)(opens in a new tab)](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 4)

• [GSP：普惠制（一般注释4）](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 4)

• [CBERA: Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (GN 7)(opens in a new tab)](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 7)

• [CBERA：加勒比海盆地经济恢复法案（一般注释7）](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 7)

• [CBTPA: U.S.-Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (GN 17)(opens in a new tab)](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 17)

• [CBTPA：美洲-加勒比海盆地贸易伙伴法案（一般注释17）](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 17)

• [Haiti Preference Program (Haiti HOPE and HELP (GN 7))(opens in a new tab)](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 7)

• [海地优惠计划（海地HOPE和HELP（一般注释7））](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 7)

• [AGOA: Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (GN 16)(opens in a new tab)](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 16)

• [AGOA：非洲增长与机会法案（一般注释16）](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 16)

• [Nepal Preference Program (GN 4)](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 4)

• [尼泊尔优惠计划（一般注释4）](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 4)

  
  

For more details on preference programs go to https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/preference-programs(opens in a new tab).
欲了解更多有关优惠计划的详细信息，请访问https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/preference-programs。

For
products that qualify under program rules, duties are reduced or
eliminated, provided importers claim the treatment and document
eligibility.符合计划规则的产品，其关税会被减少或取消，前提是进口商申请相关待遇并提供资格证明。

As mentioned before, these programs – their goals and requirements – are established by Congress.
如前所述，这些计划的目标和要求由国会制定。

Chapter 98: Special Classification Provisions第98章：特殊分类条款

In the last lesson, you learned that Chapters 98 and 99 of the HTS contain additional provisions related to double reporting.
在上一课中，你学习了 HTS 的第98章和第99章包含了与双重报告相关的额外条款。

Chapter
98 of the HTS contains a variety of headings typically covering unique
conditions of importation or specified types of importers.
HTS 的第98章包含多种标题，通常涵盖特殊的进口条件或特定类型的进口商。

Examples:
例如：

• Items returned to the country, with or without modification or repair, or when assembled abroad.
  返回国内的物品，无论是否经过修改或修理，或是在国外组装的物品。

• Exemption for items for personal use.
  个人使用物品的免税条款。

• Exemption for specified imports for use by the U.S. or foreign governments.
  美国或外国政府使用的特定进口物品免税条款。

• Noncommercial importation of various items, for example, artwork for museum exhibitions.
  非商业性的各种物品进口，例如博物馆展览用的艺术品。

• Items, particularly apparel made from U.S. or beneficiary country materials, imported under the [AGOA(opens in a new tab)](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 16) or [CBTPA(opens in a new tab)](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 17) trade programs, as well as special provisions for Haiti.
  通过[AGOA](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 16) 或 [CBTPA](https://hts.usitc.gov/reststop/file?release=currentRelease&filename=General Note 17) 贸易计划进口的物品，尤其是由美国或受益国材料制成的服装，以及海地的特别条款。

  
  

(Customs
and Border Protection regulations usually provide additional criteria
not included in the HTS that must be met for goods to be classified in
Chapter 98.)
（海关和边境保护局的规定通常提供了HTS中未包含的额外标准，必须满足这些标准才能将商品归类到第98章。）

Chapter 99: Temporary Provisions第99章：临时条款

The headings of Chapter 99 pertain to imports for which the duty has been raised or lowered temporarily.
第99章的标题涉及关税临时提高或降低的进口商品。

You will most often work with the headings of subchapter II (HTS 9902), which comprise temporary duty suspensions or reductions.
你最常处理的是第II小章（HTS 9902）中的条款，它们包含临时的关税暂停或减免。

These
provisions are typically implemented by an omnibus tariff bill
containing many product-specific bills packaged together and enacted at
the end of a two-year Congress.
这些条款通常通过一项综合关税法案实施，法案包含多个产品特定的法案，并在两年一届的国会结束时通过。

For
each product for which a duty suspension or reduction is proposed, an
industry analyst writes a standard report, working with TATA, to provide
factual information about the product and import and revenue loss
estimates.
对于每个提议进行关税暂停或减免的产品，行业分析师会撰写标准报告，与TATA合作，提供关于该产品以及进口和税收损失的实际信息。

Each
imported good that is subject to a temporary duty reduction or
elimination is identified with an HTS tariff rate line beginning with
9902.
每个受到临时关税减免或取消的进口商品都会在HTS关税税率行中标明，且该行号以9902开头。

The
9902 headings refer back to the permanent provisions. To be eligible
for suspension or reduction, the article must be both named in the
chapter 99 provision and classified in the referenced HTS provision(s).
9902条款回溯到永久性条款。要符合暂停或减免条件，商品必须既在第99章条款中列明，又在引用的HTS条款中分类。

Click here(opens in a new tab) to review an example of a tariff bill.
点击这里查看关税法案的示例。

Chapter 99 Safeguard Measures and Other Provisions第99章：保障措施和其他条款

Chapter
99 also contains proclaimed provisions to implement safeguard measures
and additional duties imposed under national security statutes.
第99章还包含了实施保障措施和根据国家安全法规征收附加关税的声明条款。

Among
the additional tariffs imposed in 2023 are the so-called “China
tariffs” imposed on named goods originating in that country.
2023年征收的附加关税中包括对来自中国的特定商品征收的所谓“中国产品关税”。

The
chapter contains temporary provisions for particular obligations under
the free trade agreements that the United States has implemented.
该章节包含了美国已实施的自由贸易协议下特定义务的临时条款。

Very
frequently, the provisions of both chapters 98 and 99 cover “subsets”
of the goods named in provisions of chapters 1 through 97; they may at
times (especially in chapter 98) cover the entire schedule.
第98章和第99章的条款常常覆盖第1至97章条款中列明商品的

“子集”；有时（特别是在第98章中）会涵盖整个清单。

During
the negotiation of a free trade agreement, some products considered
sensitive by the countries in the negotiation have unusually staged
tariffs (based on criteria such as months of the year) or tariff-rate
quotas.
在自由贸易协议谈判过程中，一些被谈判国视为敏感的产品有不寻常的分阶段关税（基于如月份等标准）或关税配额。

Such
provisions may change over a period of 5 or more years instead of
becoming immediately free of duty and quantity limits, or a concession
may relate to a portion of the coverage of a permanent tariff rate line.
这些条款可能会在5年或更长时间内发生变化，而不是立即免关税和数量限制，或者让步可能涉及永久性关税税率条款的部分内容。

Most
often these items are agricultural products. Notes and headings in
chapter 99 provide the schedules by which the duties and quantity limits
for these products are removed.
这些条款大多数适用于农业产品。第99章中的注释和标题提供了这些产品的关税和数量限制逐步取消的时间表。

In
many cases, at the end of the staging or transition period, the goods
can enter free of duty without limit, but some tariff-rate quotas (TRQs)
continue indefinitely with gradual increases in the quantity limit for
lower duty treatment (known as the “in-quota” quantity or “trigger”
quantity).
在许多情况下，经过过渡或分阶段期后，商品可以不受限制地免税进入，但某些关税配额（TRQs）将持续无限期，且“配额内”数量或“触发”数量将逐步增加，适用较低关税待遇。

Lesson 1 Summary第一课总结

In this lesson, you learned about special trade agreements and programs and about Chapters 98 and 99 of the HTS.
在本课中，你学习了特殊贸易协议和计划，以及 HTS 的第98章和第99章。

Next, you’ll take a quiz to check your knowledge.
接下来，你将进行一次小测验来检验你的学习成果。